In the context of physical security, what is access control?

Access control refers to the restriction and management of entry into a facility or system, which is a fundamental component of physical security. This involves establishing policies and procedures that dictate who is allowed to enter specific areas or access particular resources, thereby protecting sensitive zones from unauthorized access.

Effective access control measures can include a variety of strategies such as using keycards, biometric scanners, security personnel, or surveillance systems to monitor and regulate who enters or exits a location. By implementing access control, organizations ensure that only authorized individuals can access vulnerable or sensitive areas, significantly reducing the risk of theft, tampering, or other security breaches.

The other provided options do not encompass the primary focus of access control. Monitoring employee attendance pertains to tracking presence rather than managing access. Safeguarding data against loss relates more closely to information security and data protection techniques, while evaluating employee performance focuses on human resources and management, rather than physical security protocols.